Fed Bowman Speech

In the United States, the authority to set interest rates is divided between the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve (Board) and the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). The Board decides on changes in discount rates after recommendations submitted by one or more of the regional Federal Reserve Banks. The FOMC decides on open market operations, including the desired levels of central bank money or the desired federal funds market rate.

Foreign Exchange Reserves

680300000000

In Russia, Foreign Exchange Reserves are the foreign assets held or controlled by the country central bank. The reserves are made of gold or a specific currency. They can also be special drawing rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills, government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans. After the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Western countries have frozen about USD 300 billion of Russian reserves. Despite the prohibition of using assets, the central bank includes frozen assets in its data.

Used Car Prices MoM

2.7%

The Manheim Used Vehicle Value Index is a measure of used vehicle prices in the US which fall into one of the 20 market classes (i.e., excludes heavy trucks, motorcycles, etc). Manheim applies statistical analysis to its database of more than 5 million used vehicle transactions annually. The per-mile adjustment is based on a simple linear regression for price and miles for each market class based on data for the current month The Index is weighted based on a 24-month rolling average of past sales by market class.

Used Car Prices YoY

4.9%

The Manheim Used Vehicle Value Index is a measure of used vehicle prices in the US which fall into one of the 20 market classes (i.e., excludes heavy trucks, motorcycles, etc). Manheim applies statistical analysis to its database of more than 5 million used vehicle transactions annually. The per-mile adjustment is based on a simple linear regression for price and miles for each market class based on data for the current month The Index is weighted based on a 24-month rolling average of past sales by market class.

Unemployment Rate

6.9%

In Canada, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force.

Employment Change

7400

In Canada, employment change refers to the change in the number of persons who work for pay or profit, or perform unpaid family work. Estimates include both full-time and part-time employment.

Full Time Employment Chg

31500

In Canada, full-time employment consists of persons who usually work 30 hours or more per week at their main or only job.

Labor Participation Rate

65.3%

The labour force participation rates is the number of persons who are employed and unemployed but looking for a job divided by the total working-age population.

Part Time Employment Chg

-24200

In Canada, part-time employment consists of persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week at their main or only job.

Average Hourly Wages YoY

3.5%

Average Hourly Wages of Permanent Employees in Canada refers to the usual wages or salary of permanent employees at their main job. Respondents are asked to report their wage/salary before taxes and other deductions, and include tips and commissions. Weekly and hourly wages/salary are calculated in conjunction with usual paid work hours per week.

Unemployment Rate

4.2%

In the United States, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force.

Non Farm Payrolls

147000

Nonfarm payrolls is an employment report released monthly, usually on the first Friday of every month, and heavily affects the US dollar, the bond market and the stock market. Current Employment Statistics (CES) program from the U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics, surveys about 141,000 businesses and government agencies, representing approximately 486,000 individual work sites, in order to provide detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls.

Average Hourly Earnings MoM

0.2%

In the United States, Average Hourly Earnings is the average amount employees make per hour in a given month. The Federal Reserve uses average hourly earnings in deciding whether to raise or lower interest rates.

Manufacturing Payrolls

5000

Manufacturing Payrolls reports the absolute change in the number of employees working in the Manufacturing sector in the United States.

Nonfarm Payrolls Private

146000

Private Nonfarm Payrolls measures the change in the number of total payrolls in any business, excluding general government employees, private household employees, employees of nonprofit organizations that provide assistance to individuals and farm employees.

Labor Participation Rate

62.6%

The civilian labor force participation rate is the number of employed and unemployed but looking for a job as a percentage of the population aged 16 years and over.

Average Hourly Earnings YoY

3.9%

In the United States, Average Hourly Earnings is the average amount employees make per hour in a given month. The Federal Reserve uses average hourly earnings in deciding whether to raise or lower interest rates.

U-6 Unemployment Rate

7.8%

The so-called U-6 unemployment rate includes total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force.

Government Payrolls

1000

Government Payrolls reports the absolute change in the number of employees working in the Government sector in the United States. It includes Federal, State and Local governments.

Average Weekly Hours

34.3

Average weekly hours are the total weekly hours divided by the employees paid for those hours. Unpaid absenteeism, labor turnover, part-time work, and stoppages cause average weekly hours to be lower than scheduled hours of work for an establishment.

PPI MoM

-0.62%

PPI YoY

8.37%

Producer prices change refers to year over year change in price of goods and services sold by manufacturers and producers in the wholesale market during a given period.

Foreign Exchange Reserves

242400000000

In Poland, Foreign Exchange Reserves are the foreign assets held or controlled by the country central bank. The reserves are made of gold or a specific currency. They can also be special drawing rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills, government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans.

CBR Press Conference

In Russia, interest rate decisions are taken by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. From September 16th of 2013, the official interest rate is the one-week auction repo rate. Until September 15th of 2013, the official interest rate was the refinancing rate, which was seen as a ceiling for borrowing money and a benchmark for calculating tax payments.

Foreign Exchange Reserves

692720000000

In India, Foreign Exchange Reserves are the foreign assets held or controlled by the country central bank. The reserves are made of gold or a specific currency. They can also be special drawing rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills, government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans.

Deposit Growth YoY

10%

In India, deposit growth refers to the year-over-year change of the commercial banks deposits.

Bank Loan Growth YoY

9.9%

In India, bank loan growth refers to the year-over-year change of the overall commercial banks credit to the economy, including food credit, non-food credit and loans, cash credit and overdrafts.

Interest Rate Decision

21%

In Russia, interest rate decisions are taken by the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. From September 16th of 2013, the official interest rate is the one-week auction repo rate. Until September 15th of 2013, the official interest rate was the refinancing rate, which was seen as a ceiling for borrowing money and a benchmark for calculating tax payments.

Construction Output YoY

6.8%

In Ireland, construction output refers to the year over year change in the volume of output in building and construction.

BBA Mortgage Rate

7.19%

In the United Kingdom, BBA Mortgage Rate refers to end month weighted average interest rate of UK monetary financial institutions (excl. Central Bank) sterling revert-to-rate mortgage to households. Mortgage priced at the standard variable rate.

Vehicle Sales YoY

-26%

In Russia, Total Vehicle Sales refer to total registrations of car and light commercial vehicles.

Retail Sales MoM

0.4%

In the Euro Area, retail sales show the evolution of the total amount of goods sold. Among them, food drinks and tobacco account for the highest share (39.3 percent); followed by electrical goods and furniture (12.0 percent share); computer equipment books and other (11.4 percent share); pharmaceutical and medical goods (9.9 percent share); textiles, clothing, footwear (9.2 percent share); auto fuel (9.1 percent share); other non-food products (6.0 percent share) and mail orders and internet (2.9 percent share). Among countries, Germany has the highest weight (25.9 percent), followed by France (21.7 percent), Italy (16.1 percent) and Spain (11.4 percent). Others are Netherlands (5.2 percent); Belgium (4.3 percent); Greece (3.0 percent); Austria (2.8 percent); Portugal (2.4 percent); Finland (1.8 percent); Ireland (1.7 percent); Luxembourg and Slovakia (0.8 percent each); Slovenia (0.6 percent); Lithuania (0.4 percent); Latvia and Cyprus (0.3 percent); Estonia (0.2 percent) and Malta (0.1 percent).

Retail Sales YoY

1.9%

In the Euro Area, retail sales show the evolution of the total amount of goods sold. Among them, food drinks and tobacco account for the highest share (39.3 percent); followed by electrical goods and furniture (12.0 percent share); computer equipment books and other (11.4 percent share); pharmaceutical and medical goods (9.9 percent share); textiles, clothing, footwear (9.2 percent share); auto fuel (9.1 percent share); other non-food products (6.0 percent share) and mail orders and internet (2.9 percent share). Among countries, Germany has the highest weight (25.9 percent), followed by France (21.7 percent), Italy (16.1 percent) and Spain (11.4 percent). Others are Netherlands (5.2 percent); Belgium (4.3 percent); Greece (3.0 percent); Austria (2.8 percent); Portugal (2.4 percent); Finland (1.8 percent); Ireland (1.7 percent); Luxembourg and Slovakia (0.8 percent each); Slovenia (0.6 percent); Lithuania (0.4 percent); Latvia and Cyprus (0.3 percent); Estonia (0.2 percent) and Malta (0.1 percent).

Employment Change QoQ Final

0.1%

In Euro Area, employment change refers to the quarterly change in the number of persons who work for pay or profit, or perform unpaid family work. Estimates include both full-time and part-time employment.

GDP Growth Rate QoQ 3rd Est

0.3%

The Euro Area is an economic and monetary union of 19 European countries that adopted the euro as their currency. It is the second largest economy in the world and if it was a country it would be the third most populous with 341 million inhabitants. Germany, France, Italy and Spain are the most important economies accounting respectively for 29 percent, 20 percent, 15 percent and 10 percent of the bloc’s GDP.

Employment Change YoY Final

0.8%

In Euro Area, employment change refers to the quarterly change in the number of persons who work for pay or profit, or perform unpaid family work. Estimates include both full-time and part-time employment.

GDP Growth Rate YoY 3rd Est

1.2%

The Euro Area is the second largest economy in the world. Of the 19 member states it includes, the biggest are: Germany (29 percent of total GDP), France (20 percent), Italy (15 percent) and Spain (10 percent). On the expenditure side, household consumption is the main component of GDP and accounts for 54 percent of its total use, followed by gross fixed capital formation (21 percent) and government expenditure (20 percent). Exports of goods and services account for 47 percent of GDP while imports account for 43 percent, adding 4 percent of total GDP.

GDP Growth Rate YoY

2.5%

In Greece, household consumption is the main component of GDP and accounts for 72 percent of its total use, followed by government expenditure (20 percent) and gross fixed capital formation (12 percent). Exports of goods and services account for 33 percent of GDP while imports account for 35 percent, subtracting 2 percent of total GDP.

GDP Growth Rate QoQ

0.8%

Greece has a service based economy and is one of the top tourist destinations in the world. Following the entry to the European Union in 1980 and the Euro Area in 2000, the Greek economy had been recording high rates of growth. Yet, as this expansion had been fueled mainly by the access to cheap credit and growth of public sector, in 2008 the budget deficit and sovereign debt reached unsustainable levels. As a result, Greece faced the worst crisis since 1974 and tough reforms enforced by the IMF and the European Commission as part of the bailout programme are taking place.

Balance of Trade

-3000000000

Greece reports regular trade deficits due to high volume of imports. Main imports are mineral fuels, machinery and transport equipment and chemicals. In recent years, the biggest trade deficits were recorded with Russia, Germany, China, Italy and France. Greece records trade surpluses with Turkey, Cyprus, United States, Algeria and United Arab Emirates.

GDP Growth Rate QoQ

1.3%

The economy of Luxembourg is dependent on the banking, steel, and industrial sectors and the country has one of the highest GDP per capita in the world. On the expenditure side, external balance of exports and imports is the main component of GDP and accounts for 35 percent of its total use, as exports of goods and services account for 200 percent while imports account for 165 percent. It is followed by household consumption (30 percent of GDP) gross fixed capital formation (18 percent) and government expenditure (17 percent).

GDP Growth Rate YoY

1.9%

On the expenditure side, external balance of exports and imports is the main component of GDP and accounts for 35 percent of its total use, as exports of goods and services account for 200 percent while imports account for 165 percent. It is followed by household consumption (30 percent of GDP) gross fixed capital formation (18 percent) and government expenditure (17 percent).

ECB Machado Speech

In the Euro Area, benchmark interest rate is set by the Governing Council of the European Central Bank. The primary objective of the ECB’s monetary policy is to maintain price stability which is to keep inflation below, but close to 2 percent over the medium term. In times of prolonged low inflation and low interest rates, ECB may also adopt non-standard monetary policy measures, such as asset purchase programmes. The official interest rate is the Main refinancing operations rate.

Foreign Exchange Reserves

410200000000

In Hong Kong, Foreign Exchange Reserves are the foreign assets held or controlled by the country central bank. The reserves are made of gold or a specific currency. They can also be special drawing rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills, government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans.

Foreign Exchange Reserves

303057000000

In France, the international reserves include external assets that are directly and effectively controlled by the Banque de France, readily available, denominated in foreign currency and meeting the criterion of residency. Only claims on nonresident of the Euro-area are considered as reserve assets. The international reserve assets are recorded on the basis of gross reserve asset concept.

Balance of Trade

44900000

Austria's economy is dependent on foreign trade and closely linked to the economies of other EU countries, particularly Germany. The major export commodity in Austria is the automobile and its components, machinery and paper products. Austria imports mainly machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal goods, oil and oil products and foodstuffs.

GDP Growth Rate QoQ Final

0%

Austria's economy features a large service sector (63 percent of total GDP), a solid industrial sector (25 percent), and a small, but highly developed agricultural sector (1 percent). On the expenditure side, household consumption is the main component of GDP and accounts for 54 percent, followed by gross fixed capital formation (22 percent) and government expenditure (20 percent). Net exports of goods and services adds 3 percent to the GDP as exports accounts for 53 percent and imports for 50 percent.

GDP Growth Rate YoY Final

-0.1%

In Austria, household consumption is the main component of GDP and accounts for 54 percent, followed by gross fixed capital formation (22 percent) and government expenditure (20 percent). Net exports of goods and services adds 3 percent to the GDP as exports accounts for 53 percent and imports for 50 percent.

Foreign Exchange Reserves

702954000000

In Switzerland, Foreign Exchange Reserves are the foreign assets held or controlled by the country central bank. The reserves are made of gold or a specific currency. They can also be special drawing rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills, government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans.

Industrial Production MoM

0.4%

In Czech Republic, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities.

Industrial Production YoY

1.4%

In Czech Republic, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities.

Construction Output YoY

12.5%

In Czech Republic, construction output refers to year over year change in construction work performed by enterprises whose principal activity is classified as construction.

Balance of Trade

30600000000

Czech Republic is intensively involved in international trade. It engages in the export of numerous manufactured goods that are used in the production of automobiles, furniture, and electrical appliances. Czech Republic imports mainly machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, fuels and chemicals. European Union is by far its largest trading partner, accounting for about 83% of exports and 65% of imports.

Industrial Production MoM

0.1%

In France, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy. Manufacturing is the most important sector and accounts for 86 percent of total production. The biggest segments within Manufacturing are: Food products and beverages (13 percent of total production); machinery and equipment goods (13 percent), of which computer, electronic and optical products (5 percent); basic metals and fabricated metal products (12 percent); other manufacturing, repair and installation of machinery and equipment (12 percent); transport equipment (10 percent); rubber and plastics products, and other non-metallic mineral products (8 percent); and chemicals and chemical products (6 percent). Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning account for 11 percent of total output, Water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation account for 1 percent and Mining and quarrying account also for 1 percent.

Balance of Trade

-6300000000

Since 2004, France has been recording trade deficits due the gradual erosion of the export-oriented industry, the appreciation of the euro and the increasing dependency on imports of energy and manufactured products. The biggest trade deficits were recorded with: China, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy and Belgium; while the biggest trade surpluses were recorded with: the United States, the United Kingdom, the Middle East, and Switzerland.

Imports

58600000000

France imports mainly mechanical equipment, electronic and computer equipment (21 percent of total imports); transport equipment (19 percent), of which aeronautics (11 percent) and automobile industry (7 percent); chemicals, perfumes, cosmetics (8 percent); agro-food industry products (8 percent); metallurgical and metal products (7 percent); natural hydrocarbons, other mining products, electricity (7 percent); textiles, leather (7 percent); jewelry, toys, furniture (5 percent); pharmaceuticals (5 percent); and rubber and plastic products, miscellaneous mineral products (5 percent). Main import partners are: Germany (16 percent of total imports), China (9 percent), Italy (8 percent), Belgium (7 percent), the US and Spain (6 percent each), the UK and the Netherlands (5 percent each).

Exports

52400000000

France exports mainly transport equipment (23 percent of total exports), of which aeronautics (12 percent) and automobile industry (10 percent). The country also exports mechanical equipment, electronic and computer equipment (19 percent); chemicals, perfumes, cosmetics (12 percent); agro-food industry products (10 percent); metallurgical and metal products (7 percent); pharmaceuticals (6 percent); textiles, leather (5 percent); rubber and plastic products, miscellaneous mineral products (4 percent); jewelry, toys, furniture (3 percent); and agricultural, forestry, fishery and aquaculture products (3 percent). Main export partners are: Germany (15 percent of total exports), Spain and Italy (8 percent each), the UK, the US and Belgium (7 percent each), China and the Netherlands (4 percent each).

Current Account

1000000000

Current Account is the sum of the balance of trade (exports minus imports of goods and services), net factor income (such as interest and dividends) and net transfer payments (such as foreign aid).

Retail Sales YoY

0.8%

In Hungary, the year-over-year change in Retail sales compares the aggregated sales of retail goods and services during a certain month to the same month a year ago.

Industrial Production YoY Prel

0%

In Hungary, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities.

Industrial Production MoM

2.3%

In Germany, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy. Manufacturing is the most important sector and accounts for 79 percent of total production. The biggest segments within Manufacturing are: machinery and equipment (12 percent of total production); motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers (12 percent); basic metals and fabricated metal products (10 percent); and computers, electronic and optical products and electrical equipment (10 percent). Construction accounts for 11 percent of total output; and energy production accounts for 10 percent.

Balance of Trade

21300000000

Germany has run regular trade surpluses since 1952, primarily due to strong exports of vehicles and other machinery. The largest trade surpluses are recorded with the US, France, the UK, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Sweden, Poland, and Spain; while the biggest trade deficits were recorded with China, Ireland, Norway, Vietnam, Russia, Bangladesh, the Netherlands, Japan, Malaysia and South Africa.

Exports MoM

1.2%

Germany is the third largest exporter in the world, with exports accounting for almost half of its economic output. Germany's main exports are: motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers (15 percent of total exports); machinery and equipment (14 percent); chemicals and chemical products (10 percent); computer, electronic and optical products (9 percent); basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations (7 percent); electrical equipment (7 percent); basic metals (5 percent); food products (4 percent); rubber and plastic products (4 percent); fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment (3 percent) and other transport equipment (3 percent). Main export partners are: the US (9 percent of the total exports), China (8 percent), France and the Netherlands (7 percent each), Poland (6 percent), Italy, Austria and the United Kingdom (5 percent each), Switzerland and Belgium (4 percent each), Czech Republic and Spain (3 percent each).

Imports MoM

-1.4%

Germany's main imports are: computer, electronic and optical products (11 percent of total imports); motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers (10 percent); chemicals and chemical products (8 percent); machinery and equipment (8 percent); electrical equipment (7 percent); basic metals (6 percent); crude petroleum and natural gas (6 percent); basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations (6 percent); and food products (4 percent). Main import partners were China (12 percent of total imports), the Netherlands (9 percent), the US and Poland (6 percent each), Italy and France (5 percent each), Belgium, Czech Republic, Switzerland and Austria (4 percent each).

Manufacturing Production MoM

-3.2%

In Denmark, manufacturing accounts for 96 percent of total production. The biggest segments within Manufacturing are: pharmaceuticals (20 percent of total manufacturing); food products, beverages and tobacco (14 percent); machinery (14 percent); furniture and other manufacturing (13 percent); metals (9 percent); chemicals and oil refineries (7 percent); and plastic, glass and concrete (7 percent).

Current Account

33700000000

Current Account is the sum of the balance of trade (exports minus imports of goods and services), net factor income (such as interest and dividends) and net transfer payments (such as foreign aid).

Balance of Trade

26400000000

Denmark has been reporting consistent trade surpluses since 1988. Denmark is self-sufficient in energy producing oil, natural gas, wind and bio energy. Its principal exports are machinery, chemicals and food products. Denmark imports mainly machinery and equipment, raw materials and semi manufactures for industry, foodstuffs and chemicals. In 2017, the largest trade surpluses were recorded with the US, the UK, Norway, France and Russia, while the biggest trade deficits were recorded with Germany, the Netherlands, China and Sweden.

Halifax House Price Index MoM

0.3%

The Halifax House Price Index is the UK's longest running monthly house price series with data covering the whole country going back to January 1983. From this data, a "standardized" house price is calculated and property price movements on a like -for-like basis (including seasonal adjustments) are analyzed over time.

Halifax House Price Index YoY

3.2%

The Halifax House Price Index is the UK's longest running monthly house price series with data covering the whole country going back to January 1983. From this data, a "standardized" house price is calculated and property price movements on a like -for-like basis (including seasonal adjustments) are analyzed over time.

Manufacturing Production MoM

0%

In Norway, manufacturing accounts for 27 percent of total production, mainly: food, beverages and tobacco (5 percent); refined petroleum, chemicals and pharmaceutical products (4 percent); machinery and equipment (3 percent); fabricated metal products (2 percent); ships, boats and oil platforms (2 percent); computer and electrical equipment (2 percent); repair, installation of machinery (2 percent); rubber, plastic and mineral products (2 percent); and basic metals (2 percent).

Retail Sales MoM

-0.3%

In Romania, the Retail sales report provides an aggregated measure of sales of retail goods and services over a specific time period. In Romania, Retail sales are seasonal, volatile and relatively important to the overall economy.

Retail Sales YoY

3.4%

In Romania, the year-over-year change in Retail sales compares the aggregated sales of retail goods and services during a certain month to the same month a year ago.

GDP Growth Rate YoY 2nd Est

0.5%

On the expenditure side, household consumption is the main component of GDP and accounts for 63 percent of its total use, followed by gross fixed capital formation (22 percent) and government expenditure (14 percent). Exports of goods and services account for 41 percent of GDP and imports account for 41 percent.

GDP Growth Rate QoQ 2nd Est

0.5%

Romania is an upper-middle income economy and has been part of the European Union since 2007. The main industries in Romania are: electric machinery and equipment, textiles and footwear, light machinery and auto assembly, software, mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing and petroleum refining. On the expenditure side, household consumption is the main component of GDP and accounts for 63 percent of its total use, followed by gross fixed capital formation (22 percent) and government expenditure (14 percent). Exports of goods and services account for 41 percent of GDP and imports account for 41 percent.

Foreign Exchange Reserves

67590000000

In South Africa, Foreign Exchange Reserves are the foreign assets held or controlled by the country central bank. The reserves are made of gold or a specific currency. They can also be special drawing rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills, government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans.

Leading Economic Index Prel

107.6

In Japan, the Leading Composite Index consists of 12 indexes such as account inventory ratios, machinery orders, stock prices and other leading economic indicators. The index anticipates changes in the direction of the Japanese economy in the coming months. In general, increase in the index reflects that the economy is in an expansion phase, and decreasing coincident index reflects that the economy is in a contraction phase. The index is used to make official judgement on when the business cycle begins and ends.

Coincident Index Prel

115.8

Coincident Index correlates with the business cycle, and is used to identify the current state of the economy. In general, increasing coincident index shows that the economy is in an expansion phase, and decreasing coincident index reflects that the economy is in a contraction phase. The index is calculated using month-over-month percentage changes in 11 leading indicators, 11 coincident indicators, and 6 lagging indicators.

Household Consumption YoY

1.2%

In the Netherlands, Household Consumption YoY measures the year-on-year change of consumption expenditure by households. Consumption expenditure includes all voluntary expenditure on goods and services by private individuals and households. It does not include compulsory expenditure such as taxes. Services is the most important sector and accounts for 58 percent of total consumption. The biggest segments within Services are housing; financial and business services; transport, communication services; and medical services and welfare. Consumption of goods account for the remaining 42 percent, in particular durable consumer goods (15 percent) and food, beverages and tobacco (15 percent).

RBI Interest Rate Decision

6%

In India, interest rate decisions are taken by the Reserve Bank of India's Central Board of Directors. The official interest rate is the benchmark repurchase rate. In 2014, the primary objective of the RBI monetary policy became price stability, giving less importance to government's borrowing, the stability of the rupee exchange rate and the need to protect exports. In February 2015, the government and the central bank agreed to set a consumer inflation target of 4 percent, with a band of plus or minus 2 percentage points, from the financial year ending in March 2017.

Cash Reserve Ratio

4%

Cash Reserve Ratio is a specified minimum fraction of the total deposits of customers, which commercial banks have to hold as reserves either in cash or as deposits with the central bank.

3-Month Bill Auction

0.4083%

Building Permits MoM Final

-7.1%

In Australia, Dwelling Approvals MoM show the monthly change in the number of total dwelling units approved, including building activity carried out on existing buildings.

Private House Approvals MoM Final

-1.9%

Eid Al-Adha

Memorial Day

National Day

Hari Raya Haji

Sacrifice Feast

Foreign Exchange Reserves

1298200000000

In Japan, Foreign Exchange Reserves are the foreign assets held or controlled by the country central bank. The reserves are made of gold or a specific currency. They can also be special drawing rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills, government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans.

Household Spending YoY

2.1%

In Japan, Household Spending YoY refers to the annual change of consumption expenditures (on food, housing, utilities, furniture, clothing, health, education, transport, communication, leisure activities, etc.) in real terms for two-or-more-person households including agricultural, forestry and fisheries households.

Household Spending MoM

0.4%

In Japan, Household Spending MoM refers to the monthly change of consumption expenditures (on food, housing, utilities, furniture, clothing, health, education, transport, communication, leisure activities, etc.) in real terms for two-or-more-person households including agricultural, forestry and fisheries households.

Fed Balance Sheet

6670000000000

The Central Bank Balance Sheet represents the total assets held by a central bank. It reflects the scale of monetary policy actions, including holdings like government securities, foreign reserves, and loans to banks. Changes in the balance sheet indicate shifts in policy, such as easing or tightening financial conditions.

Balance of Trade

7640000000

In the last few years, Brazil has been reporting trade surpluses, primarily due to high exports in the manufacturing industry (54 percent of total exports), mining (23 percent) and agricultural products (22 percent). Brazil's main imports are in the manufacturing industry (89 percent of total imports) with fuels and fertilizers comprising 18 percent of total imports. The biggest trade partners are: China (27 percent of total exports and 22 percent of total imports), the United States (11 percent of exports and 19 percent of imports), Argentina (5 percent of exports and 5 percent of imports). Others include: the Netherlands, Canada, Japan, Germany and Spain.

Fed Harker Speech

In the United States, the authority to set interest rates is divided between the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve (Board) and the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). The Board decides on changes in discount rates after recommendations submitted by one or more of the regional Federal Reserve Banks. The FOMC decides on open market operations, including the desired levels of central bank money or the desired federal funds market rate.

5-Year Bond Auction

2.845%

15-Year Mortgage Rate

6.03%

30-Year Mortgage Rate

6.89%

The Primary Mortgage Market Survey (PMMS) is focused on conventional, conforming, fully amortizing home purchase loans for borrowers who put 20 percent down and have excellent credit. Average commitment rates should be reported along with average fees and points to reflect the total upfront cost of obtaining the mortgage. The interest rate a lender would charge to lend mortgage money to a qualified borrower exclusive of the fees and points required by the lender. This commitment rate applies only to conventional financing on conforming mortgages with loan-to-value rates of 80 percent or less.

Fed Kugler Speech

In the United States, the authority to set interest rates is divided between the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve (Board) and the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). The Board decides on changes in discount rates after recommendations submitted by one or more of the regional Federal Reserve Banks. The FOMC decides on open market operations, including the desired levels of central bank money or the desired federal funds market rate.