6-Month LTN Auction

10-Year NTN-F Auction

Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.

2-Year LTN Auction

17-Week Bill Auction

Foreign Exchange Reserves

640000000000

In Denmark, Foreign Exchange Reserves are the foreign assets held or controlled by the country central bank. The reserves are made of gold or a specific currency. They can also be special drawing rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills, government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans.

BoC Press Conference

In Canada, benchmark interest rate is set by the Bank of Canada's (BoC) Governing Council. The official interest rate is the Overnight Rate. Since 1996 the Bank Rate is set at the upper limit of an operating band for the money market overnight rate. Previously, from March 1980 until February 1996 the Bank Rate was set at 25 basis points above the weekly average tender rate for 3-month Treasury bills.

Factory Orders MoM

-3.3%

Factory orders report is compiled from results of "Manufacturers’ Shipments, Inventories, and Orders (M3) survey" and shows the value of new factory orders for both durable (50% of total orders) and non-durable goods. The survey is usually released a week after durable goods orders report. .

JOLTs Job Quits

3282000

In the United States, job quits are generally voluntary separations initiated by the employee. Therefore, the quits rate can serve as a measure of workers’ willingness or ability to leave jobs. The quits rate is computed by dividing the number of quits by employment and multiplying that quotient by 100.

JOLTs Job Openings

8184000

In the United States, job openings refer to all positions that are open (not filled) on the last business day of the month. Job openings are part of the Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey (JOLTS). The survey collects data from around 16400 nonfarm establishments including retailers and manufacturers, as well as federal, state, and local government entities in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The JOLTS assesses the unmet demand for labor in the U.S. labor market and gained attention in 2014 as favorite labor market indicator of Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen.

Factory Orders ex Transportation

0.1%

Factory orders report is compiled from results of "Manufacturers’ Shipments, Inventories, and Orders (M3) survey" and shows the value of new factory orders for both durable (50% of total orders) and non-durable goods. The survey is usually released a week after durable goods orders report. Factory orders excluding transportation account for approximately 84 percent of total orders.

BoC Interest Rate Decision

4.5%

In Canada, benchmark interest rate is set by the Bank of Canada's (BoC) Governing Council. The official interest rate is the Overnight Rate. Since 1996 the Bank Rate is set at the upper limit of an operating band for the money market overnight rate. Previously, from March 1980 until February 1996 the Bank Rate was set at 25 basis points above the weekly average tender rate for 3-month Treasury bills.

S&P Global Services PMI

56.4

The Markit Brazil Services PMI is based on data compiled from monthly replies to questionnaires sent to purchasing executives in around 350 private service sector companies. The Index tracks variables such as sales, employment, inventories and prices. An index reading above 50 indicates an overall increase in that variable, below 50 an overall decrease.

S&P Global Composite PMI

56

In Brazil, the Markit Brazil Composite PMI Index tracks business trends across both the manufacturing and service sector activity, based on data collected from a representative panel of around 800 companies. The index tracks variables such as sales, new orders, employment, inventories and prices. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in business activity and below 50 indicates that it is generally declining.

Interest Rate Decision

5.75%

In Poland interest rates decisions are taken by the National Bank of Poland (Narodowy Bank Polski, NBP). The official interest rate is the Reference Rate.

Balance of Trade

640000000

Between 1980 and 2008, Canada recorded a positive trade balance every year, with an expectation of 1991 and 1992. From 2009 onwards, the trade balance shifted to a deficit. In 2021, it switched again to a trade surplus, with energy products making the largest share of exports. The United States remains the country's biggest trading partner.

Exports

66650000000

Exports account for more than 30 percent of the Canadian GDP. The biggest export products are energy (22%of total), crude oil and crude bitumen (14%), cars and parts (19%), and consumer goods (12%). The US is by far the largest destination for Canadian products (76 percent of total exports), followed by China (4.5 percent) and the United Kingdom (2.6 percent).

Imports

66010000000

Canada imports mainly consumer goods (19% of total), cars and parts (23%), and energy products (7%). Canada's major import partners are the US (49 percent of total imports), China (14 percent), Mexico (5.5 percent), and Germany (3.1 percent).

Labor Productivity QoQ

-0.3%

In Canada, Productivity is the real value of output produced by a unit of labor during a certain time.

Exports

265900000000

The United States is the world's third biggest exporter, yet exports account only for 10 percent of GDP. In 2022, the main exports were industrial supplies (38 percent of the total), capital goods (29 percent), consumer goods (14 percent), automotive vehicles (8 percent), and food, feeds, and beverages (8 percent). Main export partners were Canada (18 percent of total exports), Mexico (16 percent), China (7 percent), Japan (4.5 percent), the United Kingdom (4 percent), and Germany (3.5 percent).

Imports

339000000000

The United States is the world's second-biggest importer. In 2022, the main imports were consumer goods (27 percent), capital goods (26 percent), and industrial supplies (25 percent) followed by automotive vehicles, parts and engines (12 percent), and foods, feeds and beverages (6 percent). Shipments from China represented 17 percent of the total imports followed by Mexico (14 percent), Canada (13 percent), Japan (4.5 percent), and Germany (4.5 percent).

Balance of Trade

-73100000000

The United States has been running consistent trade deficits since 1976 due to high imports of oil and consumer products. In 2022, the biggest trade deficits are recorded with China, Mexico, Vietnam, Canada, Germany, Japan, and Ireland, and the biggest trade surpluses with the Netherlands, Hong Kong, Brazil, Singapore, Australia, and United Kingdom. Canada is the top trading partner, accounting for 15 percent of total trade, followed by Mexico (14 percent) and China (13 percent).

Industrial Production MoM

4.1%

In Brazil, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy, such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities.

Industrial Production YoY

3.2%

In Brazil, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy, such as manufacturing, mining, and utilities.

M3 Money Supply YoY

India Money Supply M3 includes M2 plus long-term time deposits in banks.

MBA Purchase Index

MBA 30-Year Mortgage Rate

MBA 30-Year Mortgage Rate is average 30-year fixed mortgage lending rate measured during the reported week and backed by the Mortgage Bankers Association.

MBA Mortgage Applications

In the US, the MBA Weekly Mortgage Application Survey is a comprehensive overview of the nationwide mortgage market and covers all types of mortgage originators, including commercial banks, thrift institutions and mortgage banking companies. The entire market is represented by the Market Index which covers all mortgage applications during the week, whether for a purchase or to refinance. The survey covers over 75% of all US retail residential mortgage applications.

MBA Mortgage Market Index

The MBA Weekly Mortgage Application Survey is a comprehensive overview of the nationwide mortgage market and covers all types of mortgage originators, including commercial banks, thrift institutions and mortgage banking companies. The entire market is represented by the Market Index which covers all mortgage applications during the week. This includes all conventional and government applications, all fixed-rate mortgages (FRMs), all adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs), whether for a purchase or to refinance.

MBA Mortgage Refinance Index

The MBA Weekly Mortgage Application Survey is a comprehensive overview of the nationwide mortgage market and covers all types of mortgage originators, including commercial banks, thrift institutions and mortgage banking companies. The entire market is represented by the Market Index which covers all mortgage applications during the week. This includes all conventional and government applications, all fixed-rate mortgages (FRMs), all adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs), whether for a purchase or to refinance.

Unemployment Rate

4.7%

In Ireland, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force.

Inflation Rate YoY

2%

In Luxembourg, the most important categories in the consumer price index is Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas and Other Fuels (13 percent of total weight); Miscellaneous Goods and Services (12 percent); and Transport (10 percent). Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages account for 9 percent; Furniture, Household Goods and Maintenance for 6 percent; Clothing and Footwear for 5 percent; and Recreation and Culture for 4 percent. Restaurants and Hotels; Alcohol Beverages and Tobacco; Health; Communication; and Education account for the remaining 12 percent of total weight.

Inflation Rate MoM

-0.6%

Inflation Rate MoM measures month over month change in the price of goods and services.

Business Confidence

35

In South Africa, the BER Business Confidence Index covers 1,400 business people in the building sector, 1,400 in the trade sector and 1,000 in manufacturing. The survey assesses the level of optimism that senior executives in the companies have about current and expected developments regarding sales, orders, employment, inventories and selling prices. The index varies on a scale of 0 to 100, where 0 indicates an extreme lack of confidence, 50 neutrality and 100 extreme confidence.

15-Year Bund Auction

2.44%

PPI YoY

-3.2%

In the Euro Area, producer prices change measures the average change in price of goods and services sold by manufacturers and producers in the wholesale market during a given period.

PPI MoM

0.5%

In the Euro Area, producer prices change measures the average change in price of goods and services sold by manufacturers and producers in the wholesale market during a given period.

House Price Index MoM

-0.1%

In Norway, housing index refers to House Price Index for existing dwellings in the whole country.

House Price Index YoY

2.4%

In Norway, housing index refers to House Price Index for existing dwellings in the whole country.

S&P Global Services PMI Final

52.5

The S&P Global/CIPS UK Services PMI (Purchasing Managers' Index) is based on data collected from companies in the transport and communication sector, financial intermediation, business services, personal services, computing and IT and hotels and restaurants. The index tracks variables such as sales, employment, inventories and prices. A reading above 50 indicates that the services sector is generally expanding; below 50 indicates that it is generally declining..

S&P Global Composite PMI Final

The UK Composite PMI is a weighted average of the Manufacturing Output Index and the Services Business Activity Index.

IPC-Fipe Inflation MoM

0.06%

In Brazil, the IPC-Fipe Inflation MoM measures month-on-month inflation within the boundaries of the city of Sao Paulo and does not include prices in the wider metropolitan area. Economists see the FIPE index as an early gauge of Brazil's benchmark IPCA inflation index, which the central bank targets when setting interest rates. The Consumer Prices Index for the City of São Paulo is the most traditional indicator of the evolution of the cost of living of families in São Paulo city and one of the oldest indicators in Brazil. It was first calculated on January 1939 by the Statistics and Documentation Division of the São Paulo City Government. In 1968, the duty of calculating the index was transferred to the Institute of Economic Research linked to the Economics Department of USP and later on to Fipe, after its creation in 1973.

HCOB Services PMI Final

51.9

The HCOB Eurozone Services PMI is compiled by S&P Global from responses to questionnaires sent to a panel of service providers in Germany, France, Italy, Spain and Ireland. The sectors covered include consumer (excluding retail), transport, information, communication, finance, insurance, real estate and business services. The headline figure is the Services Business Activity Index. This is a diffusion index calculated from a question that asks for changes in the volume of business activity compared with one month previously. The Services Business Activity Index is comparable to the Manufacturing Output Index. The index varies between 0 and 100, with a reading above 50 indicating an overall increase compared to the previous month, and below 50 an overall decrease.

HCOB Composite PMI Final

The HCOB Eurozone Composite Output Index, which is a weighted average of the Manufacturing Output Index and the Services Business Activity Index, is compiled by S&P Global from responses to questionnaires sent to survey panels of manufacturers in Germany, France, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, Austria, Ireland and Greece, and of service providers in Germany, France, Italy, Spain and Ireland, totaling around 5,000 private sector companies. The index tracks variables such as sales, new orders, employment, inventories and prices; and varies between 0 and 100, with a reading above 50 indicating an overall increase compared to the previous month, and below 50 an overall decrease.

HCOB Services PMI Final

52.5

The HCOB Germany Services PMI is compiled by S&P Global from responses to questionnaires sent to a panel of around 400 service sector companies. The sectors covered include consumer (excluding retail), transport, information, communication, finance, insurance, real estate and business services. The headline figure is the Services Business Activity Index. This is a diffusion index calculated from a question that asks for changes in the volume of business activity compared with one month previously. The Services Business Activity Index is comparable to the Manufacturing Output Index. The index varies between 0 and 100, with a reading above 50 indicating an overall increase compared to the previous month, and below 50 an overall decrease.

HCOB Composite PMI Final

49.1

The HCOB Germany Composite Output Index, which is a weighted average of the Manufacturing Output Index and the Services Business Activity Index, tracks business trends across private sector activity. The index tracks variables such as sales, new orders, employment, inventories and prices; and varies between 0 and 100, with a reading above 50 indicating an overall increase compared to the previous month, and below 50 an overall decrease.

HCOB Services PMI Final

50.1

The HCOB France Services PMI is compiled by S&P Global from responses to questionnaires sent to a panel of around 400 service sector companies. The sectors covered include consumer (excluding retail), transport, information, communication, finance, insurance, real estate and business services. The headline figure is the Services Business Activity Index. This is a diffusion index calculated from a question that asks for changes in the volume of business activity compared with one month previously. The Services Business Activity Index is comparable to the Manufacturing Output Index. The index varies between 0 and 100, with a reading above 50 indicating an overall increase compared to the previous month, and below 50 an overall decrease.

HCOB Composite PMI Final

49.1

The HCOB France Composite Output Index, which is a weighted average of the Manufacturing Output Index and the Services Business Activity Index, tracks business trends across private sector activity. The index tracks variables such as sales, new orders, employment, inventories and prices; and varies between 0 and 100, with a reading above 50 indicating an overall increase compared to the previous month, and below 50 an overall decrease.

HCOB Services PMI

51.7

Markit/ADACI Italy Services PMI (Purchasing Managers' Index) is based on data collected from a representative panel of around 400 companies based in the Italian service sector. The index tracks variables such as sales, employment, inventories and prices. A reading above 50 indicates that the services sector is generally expanding; below 50 indicates that it is generally declining.

HCOB Composite PMI

50.3

The Italy Composite PMI is a weighted average of the Manufacturing Output Index and the Services Business Activity Index. Survey responses reflect the change, if any, in the current month compared to the previous month based on data collected mid-month. For each of the indicators the ‘Report' shows the percentage reporting each response, the net difference between the number of higher/better responses and lower/worse responses, and the ‘diffusion' index. This index is the sum of the positive responses plus a half of those responding ‘the same'. A reading above 50 indicates that the services sector is generally expanding; below 50 indicates that it is generally declining.

Bundesbank Mauderer Speech

Germany is a member of the European Union which has adopted the euro. Germany's benchmark interest rate is set by the European Central Bank. The official designation for the rate is main refinancing operation.

HCOB Services PMI

53.9

The S&P Global Spain Services PMI (Purchasing Managers' Index) is based on data compiled from a representative panel of over 300 companies based in the Spanish service sector. The index tracks variables such as sales, employment, inventories and prices. A reading above 50 indicates that the services sector is generally expanding; below 50 indicates that it is generally declining.

HCOB Composite PMI

53.4

The Composite Output Index is a weighted average of the Manufacturing Output Index and the Services Business Activity Index. The weights reflect the relative size of the manufacturing and service sectors according to official GDP data. The Composite Output Index may be referred to as the ‘Composite PMI’ but is not comparable with the headline manufacturing PMI figure.

S&P Global PMI

49.3

In South Africa, the IHS Markit South Africa Purchasing Managers Index tracks business trends across private sector activity, including mining, manufacturing, services, construction and retail based on data collected from a representative panel of around 400 companies. The index tracks variables such as new orders, output, employment, supplier delivery times, inventories and prices. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in business activity and below 50 indicates that it is generally declining.

Balance of Trade Prel

The Turkish trade balance has been in deficit since 1947. Turkey major exports are road vehicles, textiles, iron and steel, clothing and food, while imports were machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, mineral fuels and lubricants and chemicals. The biggest trade deficits were recorded with China, Russia, Germany, South Korea, Switzerland, India, Iran and Japan; and the largest surpluses were recorded with Iraq, the UAE, the UK, Israel, Syria, Northern Cyprus and Azerbaijan.

Exports Prel

Turkey's major exports are: machinery and transport equipment (31 percent of total exports), of which road vehicles (15 percent) and electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances (6 percent); manufactured goods (25 percent), of which textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles (7 percent), iron and steel (6 percent) and manufactures of metals (4 percent); miscellaneous manufactured articles (18 percent), of which articles of apparel and clothing accessories (10 percent); food and live animals (9 percent), of which fruits and vegetables (4 percent); chemicals and related products (6 percent); and gold,non-monetary (4 percent). Turkey's main export partners were: Germany (10 percent of total exports); the UK, the UAE, Iraq and the US (6 percent each); Italy (5 percent); France and Spain (4 percent each).

Imports Prel

Turkey's main imports are machinery and transport equipment (31 percent of total imports), of which road vehicles (7 percent) and electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances (6 percent); manufactured goods (16 percent), of which iron and steel (5 percent); mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials (16 percent), of which petroleum and petroleum products (4 percent); chemicals and related products (13 percent), of which plastics (4 percent); gold, non-monetary (7 percent); crude materials, inedible, except fuels (7 percent); miscellaneous manufactured articles (6 percent); and food and live animals (4 percent). The country's main imports' sources were: China (10 percent of total imports); Germany (9 percent); Russia (8 percent); the US and Italy (5 percent each); France, Iran, Switzerland, South Korea, the UK, Spain and India (3 percent each).

Auto Production YoY

-13.9%

In Turkey, Total Motor Vehicles Production refers to the production of total motor vehicles, excluding tractors.

Auto Sales YoY

-17.5%

ECB Elderson Speech

In the Euro Area, benchmark interest rate is set by the Governing Council of the European Central Bank. The primary objective of the ECB’s monetary policy is to maintain price stability which is to keep inflation below, but close to 2 percent over the medium term. In times of prolonged low inflation and low interest rates, ECB may also adopt non-standard monetary policy measures, such as asset purchase programmes. The official interest rate is the Main refinancing operations rate.

Services PMI

53.8

In Sweden, the Swedbank’s Services PMI measures the performance of the service sector and is derived from a survey of 200 companies. The index tracks variables such as New Orders (35 percent of total weight), Business Volume (25 percent), Employment (20 percent) and Suppliers’ Delivery Times (20 percent). A reading above 50 indicates that the services sector is generally expanding; below 50 indicates that it is generally declining.

Current Account

249000000000

Current Account is the sum of the balance of trade (exports minus imports of goods and services), net factor income (such as interest and dividends) and net transfer payments (such as foreign aid).

S&P Global Services PMI

51.1

The Markit Russia Services PMI is based on data compiled from monthly replies to questionnaires sent to purchasing executives in over 300 private service sector companies. The Index tracks variables such as sales, employment, inventories and prices. An index reading above 50 indicates an overall increase in that variable, below 50 an overall decrease.

S&P Global Composite PMI

51.9

In Russia, the Markit Russia Composite Output Index tracks business trends across private sector activity, based on data collected from a representative panel of around 300 companies. The index tracks variables such as sales, new orders, employment, inventories and prices. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in business activity and below 50 indicates that it is generally declining.

Current Account

115900000000

Current Account is the sum of the balance of trade (exports minus imports of goods and services), net factor income (such as interest and dividends) and net transfer payments (such as foreign aid).

HSBC Services PMI Final

60.3

The IHS Markit India Services PMI (Purchasing Managers' Index) is based on data compiled from monthly replies to questionnaires sent to purchasing executives in around 350 private service sector companies. The index tracks variables such as sales, employment, inventories and prices. A reading above 50 indicates that the services sector is generally expanding; below 50 indicates that it is generally declining.

HSBC Composite PMI Final

60.7

In India, the Nikkei India Composite Output Index is a weighted average of the Manufacturing Output Index and the Services Business Activity Index and tracks business trends across private sector activity, based on data collected from a representative panel of around 800 companies. The index tracks variables such as sales, new orders, employment, inventories and prices. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in business activity and below 50 indicates that it is generally declining..

Caixin Services PMI

52.1

The Caixin China General Services PMI (Purchasing Managers' Index) is based on data compiled from monthly replies to questionnaires sent to purchasing executives in over 400 private service sector companies. The index tracks variables such as sales, employment, inventories and prices. A reading above 50 indicates that the services sector is generally expanding; below 50 indicates that it is generally declining.

Caixin Composite PMI

51.2

In China, the Caixin China Composite Output Index tracks business trends across private sector activity, based on data collected from a representative panel of around 400 companies. The index tracks variables such as sales, new orders, employment, inventories and prices. A reading above 50 indicates expansion in business activity and below 50 indicates that it is generally declining.

GDP Growth Rate QoQ

0.1%

Australia's economy is dominated by the service sector (65 percent of total GDP). Yet its economic success in recent years has been based on the mining (13.5 percent of GDP) and agriculture (2 percent of GDP) as the country is a major exporter of commodities. Other sectors include: manufacturing (11 percent) and construction (9.5 percent).

GDP Growth Rate YoY

1.1%

Australia's economy is dominated by the service sector (65 percent of total GDP). Yet its economic success in recent years has been based on the mining (13.5 percent of GDP) and agriculture (2 percent of GDP) as the country is a major exporter of commodities. Other sectors include: manufacturing (11 percent) and construction (9.5 percent). .

TD-MI Inflation Gauge MoM

0.4%

In Australia, the Melbourne Institute Monthly Inflation Gauge estimates month-to-month price movements for a wide range of goods and services across the capital cities of Australia. It aims to provide financial markets and policy-makers with regular updates on trends in inflation. The report is based on the Australian Bureau of Statistics’ methodology for calculating the quarterly consumer price index.

GDP Capital Expenditure QoQ

-0.9%

Gross fixed capital formation is equal to the total value of a producer's acquisitions, less disposals, of fixed assets plus capital work done on own account during the accounting period plus certain additions to the value of non-produced assets realised by the productive activity of institutional units.

GDP Final Consumption QoQ

0.6%

Household final consumption expenditure is the net expenditure on goods and services by persons and expenditure by private non-profit institutions serving households. This item includes: personal expenditure on motor vehicles and other durable goods; the imputed rent of owner-occupied dwellings; the value of 'backyard' production (including food produced and consumed on farms); and the payment of wages and salaries in kind.

GDP Chain Price Index QoQ

0.8%

S&P Global PMI

49.5

The S&P Global Hong Kong Purchasing Managers’ Index measures the performance of the private sector and is derived from a survey of 300 companies. The Purchasing Managers Index is based on five individual indexes with the following weights: New Orders (30 percent), Output (25 percent), Employment (20 percent), Suppliers’ Delivery Times (15 percent) and Stock of Items Purchased (10 percent), with the Delivery Times index inverted so that it moves in a comparable direction. A reading above 50 indicates an expansion of the private sector activity compared to the previous month; below 50 represents a contraction; while 50 indicates no change.

Jibun Bank Services PMI Final

53.7

The au Jibun Bank Japan Services PMI is compiled by S&P Global from responses to questionnaires sent to a panel of around 400 service sector companies. The sectors covered include consumer (excluding retail), transport, information, communication, finance, insurance, real estate and business services. The headline figure is the Services Business Activity Index. This is a diffusion index calculated from a question that asks for changes in the volume of business activity compared with one month previously. The Services Business Activity Index is comparable to the Manufacturing Output Index. The index varies between 0 and 100, with a reading above 50 indicating an overall increase compared to the previous month, and below 50 an overall decrease.

Jibun Bank Composite PMI Final

52.5

The au Jibun Bank Japan Composite PMI Output Index, which is a weighted average of the Manufacturing Output Index and the Services Business Activity Index, tracks business trends across private sector activity based on data collected from a representative panel of around 800 companies. The index tracks variables such as sales, new orders, employment, inventories and prices. The index varies between 0 and 100, with a reading above 50 indicating an overall increase compared to the previous month, and below 50 an overall decrease.

S&P Global PMI

57.2

The S&P Global Singapore Purchasing Managers’ Index™ (PMI™) is based on data compiled from monthly replies to questionnaires sent to executives in over 400 private sector companies including manufacturing, services, construction and retail. Survey responses reflect the change, if any, in the current month compared to the previous month based on data collected mid-month. An index reading above 50 indicates an overall increase in private sector activity, below 50 an overall decrease.

AIB Services PMI

53.6

The Investec Services PMI Ireland is based on data compiled from monthly replies to questionnaires sent to around 450 private companies in the Irish private service sector. An index situated above 50.0 indicates activity expansion of the corresponding variable (i.e. new orders, price, employment, etc.); An Index situated below 50.0 indicates a contraction of the activity, whilst an index at the same level as 50.0 indicates that the situation is stable compared with the previous month.

Judo Bank Services PMI Final

The Judo Bank Australia Services PMI is compiled by S&P Global from responses to questionnaires sent to a panel of around 400 service sector companies. The sectors covered include consumer (excluding retail), transport, information, communication, finance, insurance, real estate and business services. The headline figure is the Services Business Activity Index. This is a diffusion index calculated from a question that asks for changes in the volume of business activity compared with one month previously. The Services Business Activity Index is comparable to the Manufacturing Output Index. The index varies between 0 and 100, with a reading above 50 indicating an overall increase compared to the previous month, and below 50 an overall decrease.

Ai Group Industry Index

-20.7

The Ai Group Australian Industry Index is a monthly index that measures changes in activity in Australia’s industrial sectors. It provides diffusion indices which measure rates of changes in the level of industrial activity – expansion, stability, or contraction. A positive reading indicates the activity is expanding; negative indicates contraction. The distance from 0 indicates the strength of the expansion or decline.

Judo Bank Composite PMI Final

The Judo Bank Australia Composite Output Index, which is a weighted average of the Manufacturing Output Index and the Services Business Activity Index, is compiled by S&P Global from responses to questionnaires sent to survey panels of manufacturers and service providers in Australia. The index tracks variables such as sales, new orders, employment, inventories and prices; and varies between 0 and 100, with a reading above 50 indicating an overall increase compared to the previous month, and below 50 an overall decrease.

Ai Group Manufacturing Index

-19.5

The Australian Industry Index is a monthly index that measures changes in activity in Australia’s industrial sectors. It provides diffusion indices which measure rates of changes in the level of industrial activity – expansion, stability or contraction. A positive reading indicates the activity is expanding; negative indicates contraction. The distance from 0 indicates the strength of the expansion or decline.

Ai Group Construction Index

-23.2

The Australian Industry Index is a monthly index that measures changes in activity in Australia’s industrial sectors. It provides diffusion indices which measure rates of changes in the level of industrial activity – expansion, stability or contraction. A positive reading indicates the activity is expanding; negative indicates contraction. The distance from 0 indicates the strength of the expansion or decline.

Foreign Exchange Reserves

413510000000

In South Korea, Foreign Exchange Reserves are the foreign assets held or controlled by the country central bank. The reserves are made of gold or a specific currency. They can also be special drawing rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills, government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans.

42-Day Bill Auction

0.235%

Bundesbank Nagel Speech

Germany is a member of the European Union which has adopted the euro. Germany's benchmark interest rate is set by the European Central Bank. The official designation for the rate is main refinancing operation.