Central Government Debt

In Turkey, Government Debt refers to the central government gross debt stock in local and foreign currencies.

PPI MoM

0%

In Canada, the Producer Price Inflation MoM measures a month-over-month change in the price of goods and services sold by manufacturers and producers in the wholesale market.

PPI YoY

1.8%

In Canada, producer prices change measures the average change in price of goods and services sold by manufacturers and producers in the wholesale market during a given period.

Retail Sales YoY

1.8%

In Canada, the year-over-year change in Retail sales compares the aggregated sales of retail goods and services during a certain month to the same month a year ago.

Retail Sales MoM

0.7%

In Canada, the Retail sales report provides an aggregated measure of sales of retail goods and services over a specific time period. In Canada, Retail sales are seasonal, volatile and relatively important to the overall economy.

Retail Sales Ex Autos MoM

1.8%

Retail Sales Ex Autos report in Canada provides aggregated measure of sales of retail goods and services excluding the automobile sector over a period of a month.

Raw Materials Prices YoY

7.6%

The raw materials price index (RPMI) reflects the prices paid by Canadian manufacturers for key raw materials. Unlike the industrial product price index, the RMPI includes goods that are not produced in Canada.

Raw Materials Prices MoM

-1%

The raw materials price index (RPMI) reflects the prices paid by Canadian manufacturers for key raw materials. Unlike the industrial product price index, the RMPI includes goods that are not produced in Canada.

Foreign Exchange Reserves

In India, Foreign Exchange Reserves are the foreign assets held or controlled by the country central bank. The reserves are made of gold or a specific currency. They can also be special drawing rights and marketable securities denominated in foreign currencies like treasury bills, government bonds, corporate bonds and equities and foreign currency loans.

Current Account

877600000

Current Account is the sum of the balance of trade (exports minus imports of goods and services), net factor income (such as interest and dividends) and net transfer payments (such as foreign aid).

Consumer Confidence

In Spain, the Consumer Confidence survey is made by phone and covers 1,000 individuals aged over 16 who are representative of Spanish society as a whole. The questionnaire focuses on current economic and financial situation, savings intention as well as on expected developments regarding general and personal economic situation and major purchases of durable goods. The index shows the difference between the percentage share of persons that are optimistic and the percentage of persons that are pessimistic. The index measures consumer confidence on a scale of 0 to 200, where 0 indicates extreme lack of confidence, 100 neutrality and 200 extreme confidence.

Current Account

2294000000

Current Account is the sum of the balance of trade (exports minus imports of goods and services), net factor income (such as interest and dividends) and net transfer payments (such as foreign aid).

ESRB Annual Report 2023

In the Euro Area, benchmark interest rate is set by the Governing Council of the European Central Bank. The primary objective of the ECB’s monetary policy is to maintain price stability which is to keep inflation below, but close to 2 percent over the medium term. In times of prolonged low inflation and low interest rates, ECB may also adopt non-standard monetary policy measures, such as asset purchase programmes. The official interest rate is the Main refinancing operations rate.

Business Confidence

2

In Hong Kong, the Quarterly Business Tendency Survey measures the expectations of entrepreneurs regarding changes in business situation in the current quarter compared to the previous quarter. The survey covers a sample of 560 senior managers from the main sectors of the economy: manufacturing; construction; wholesale and retail trade; accommodation and food services; transportation, storage and courier services; information and communications; financing and insurance; real estate; and professional and business services sectors. The survey result is presented as a net balance: the difference between the percentage of respondents choosing “a better outlook” and that choosing "a worse outlook". A positive sign indicates a likely upward trend while a negative sign, a likely downward trend.

ECB Survey of Professional Forecasters

In the Euro Area, benchmark interest rate is set by the Governing Council of the European Central Bank. The primary objective of the ECB’s monetary policy is to maintain price stability which is to keep inflation below, but close to 2 percent over the medium term. In times of prolonged low inflation and low interest rates, ECB may also adopt non-standard monetary policy measures, such as asset purchase programmes. The official interest rate is the Main refinancing operations rate.

Current Account

34400000000

Current Account is the sum of the balance of trade (exports minus imports of goods and services), net factor income (such as interest and dividends) and net transfer payments (such as foreign aid).

Current Account s.a

38600000000

Balance of Trade

-4700000000

Spain runs systemic trade deficits due to high imports of fuel and high added value goods. Spain’s main exporting sectors are chemicals, capital goods, food, beverages & tobacco, vehicles, and non-chemical semi-manufactures. The largest export partners are the European Union (63 percent of total exports), in particular France (15 percent) and Germany (10 percent), the rest of Europe (11 percent), in particular the United Kingdom (6 percent), the United States (5 percent), Morocco (3 percent) and China (2 percent). The largest shares by sector of Spain’s imports are those of energy products, capital goods, chemicals, food, beverages and tobacco, and consumer manufactured goods. Spain's major import partner is the EU (45 percent of total imports), in particular Germany and France (9 percent each), followed by China (11 percent), the US (7 percent), the UK (3 percent), and Turkey, Brazil and Morocco (2 percent each).

Construction Output YoY

10.5%

The production index in construction measures the evolution of output within the construction sector, including building construction and civil engineering.

FDI (YTD) YoY

-28.2%

In China, Foreign Direct Investment refers to foreign capital actually utilized, which is to the amount which has been actually used according to the agreements and contracts, including cash, materials and invisible capital such as labor service and technology which both parties agree to take as an investment.

Inflation Rate MoM Final

0.1%

Inflation Rate MoM measures month over month change in the price of goods and services.

Inflation Rate YoY Final

3.4%

In Austria, the most important category in the consumer price index is Housing and Utilities (19 percent of total weight). Transport accounts for 14 percent; Restaurants and Hotels for 13 percent; Recreation and Culture for 11 percent; Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages for 11 percent and Miscellaneous Goods and Services for 9 percent. Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco; Clothing and Footwear; Household Goods; Health; Communication and Education account for the remaining 23 percent of total weight.

Harmonised Inflation Rate YoY Final

3.3%

The Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) is an indicator of inflation and price stability for the European Central Bank (ECB). The HICP is compiled by Eurostat and the national statistical institutes in accordance with harmonised statistical methods. The ECB aims to maintain annual inflation rates as measured by the HICP below, but close to, 2% over the medium term.

Harmonised Inflation Rate MoM Final

0.1%

PPI YoY

-2.2%

Producer prices change refers to year over year change in price of goods and services sold by manufacturers and producers in the wholesale market during a given period.

PPI MoM

In Germany, the Producer Price Inflation MoM measures a month-over-month change in the price of goods and services sold by manufacturers and producers in the wholesale market.

Retail Sales YoY

1.3%

In the United Kingdom, the year-over-year change in Retail sales compares the aggregated sales of retail goods and services during a certain month to the same month a year ago.

Retail Sales MoM

2.9%

In the United Kingdom, the Retail sales report provides an aggregated measure of sales of retail goods and services over a specific time period. In the United Kingdom, Retail sales are seasonal, volatile and relatively important to the overall economy.

Retail Sales ex Fuel MoM

2.9%

In the United Kingdom, the Retail sales report provides an aggregated measure of sales of retail goods and services over a specific time period. In the United Kingdom, Retail sales are seasonal, volatile and relatively important to the overall economy.

Public Sector Net Borrowing

-14100000000

In the UK, public sector net borrowing measures the change in the public sectors accruing net financial indebtedness. This represents the balance for the financial account: the difference between the net acquisition of financial assets and the net incurrence of liabilities. Public sector net borrowing (PSNB) is often referred to by commentators as “the deficit”.

Public Sector Net Borrowing Ex Banks

-15000000000

In the UK, public sector net borrowing excluding public sector banks (PSNB ex) measures the gap between revenue raised (current receipts) and total spending. Total spending refers to current expenditure plus net investment (capital spending less capital receipts). Public sector net borrowing (PSNB) is often referred to by commentators as “the deficit”.

Retail Sales ex Fuel YoY

1.2%

In the United Kingdom, the Retail sales report provides an aggregated measure of sales of retail goods and services over a specific time period. In the United Kingdom, Retail sales are seasonal, volatile and relatively important to the overall economy.

3-Month Bill Auction

Westpac Leading Index MoM

0%

The Westpac-Melbourne Institute Leading Index of Economic Activity combines a selection of economic variables that typically lead fluctuations in economic activity into a single measure that provides a reliable cyclical indicator for the Australian economy. The index includes the following components: S&P/ASX 200, dwelling approvals, US industrial production, RBA Commodity Prices Index (A$), aggregate monthly hours worked, Westpac-MI CSI expectations index, Westpac-MI Unemployment expectations index, yield spread (10Y bond – 90D bill). The index has a base value of 100 as of 1996.

Inflation Rate MoM

0.5%

Inflation Rate MoM measures month over month change in the price of goods and services.

Core Inflation Rate YoY

2.5%

In Japan, the core inflation rate tracks changes in prices that consumers pay for a basket of goods which excludes prices of fresh food.

Inflation Rate YoY

2.8%

In Japan, the most important categories in the consumer price index are Food (26 percent of total weight) and Housing (21 percent). Transportation and communications account for 15 percent; Culture and recreation for 9 percent; Fuel, light and water charges for 7 percent; Miscellaneous goods and services for 6 percent; and Medical care for 5 percent. Furniture and household utensils, Clothes and footwear, and Education account for the remaining 10 percent of total weight.

Inflation Rate Ex-Food and Energy YoY

2.1%

In Japan, the "core core" inflation rate tracks changes in prices that consumers pay for a basket of goods which excludes prices of fresh food and energy.

Fed Bowman Speech

In the United States, the authority to set interest rates is divided between the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve (Board) and the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). The Board decides on changes in discount rates after recommendations submitted by one or more of the regional Federal Reserve Banks. The FOMC decides on open market operations, including the desired levels of central bank money or the desired federal funds market rate.

Gfk Consumer Confidence

In the United Kingdom, the consumer confidence survey measures the level of optimism that consumers have about the performance of the economy in the next 12 months. The GfK Consumer Confidence is derived from the survey of about 2,000 consumers which are ask to rate the relative level of past and future economic conditions including personal financial situation, climate for major purchases, overall economic situation and savings level.

Reuters Tankan Index

6

The Reuters Tankan is a monthly survey of leading Japanese companies, and it was formally known as Telerate Tankan until it was renamed after the acquisition of Quick Money line Telerate Corp. by Thomson Reuters Group. It covers a panel of 200 manufacturers and 200 non-manufacturers. The monthly figures are designed to provide early indications of the BOJs quarterly tankan. The indexes are derived by subtracting the percentage of respondents who say business conditions are poor from the percentage of those who say they are good.

Inflation Rate YoY

In New Zealand, the most important category in the consumer price index is Housing and Utilities (28 percent of total weight). Food accounts for 18 percent; Transport for 14 percent; Recreation and Culture for 9 percent; Miscellaneous Goods and Services for 8 percent; and Alcoholic beverages and Tobacco for 7 percent. Household Goods and Services; Health; Clothing and Footwear; Communication; and Education account for the remaining 16 percent of total weight.

Inflation Rate QoQ

Inflation Rate QoQ measures quarter over quarter change in the price of goods and services.

Fed Daly Speech

In the United States, the authority to set interest rates is divided between the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve (Board) and the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). The Board decides on changes in discount rates after recommendations submitted by one or more of the regional Federal Reserve Banks. The FOMC decides on open market operations, including the desired levels of central bank money or the desired federal funds market rate.

Fed Balance Sheet

Net Long-term TIC Flows

The Net Long-Term TIC Flows track the flow of Treasury and agency securities, corporate bonds and equities, into and out of the United States.

Overall Net Capital Flows

66200000000

Net Treasury International Capital Flows includes all net foreign acquisitions of long-term securities, short-term U.S. securities, and banking flows.

Foreign Bond Investment

75000000000

Foreign Bond Investment refers to net purchases of US treasury bonds and notes by foreign individuals or companies. Negative figures indicate net sales by foreigners to US residents or a net outflow of capital from the United States. .

Fed Logan Speech

In the United States, the authority to set interest rates is divided between the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve (Board) and the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). The Board decides on changes in discount rates after recommendations submitted by one or more of the regional Federal Reserve Banks. The FOMC decides on open market operations, including the desired levels of central bank money or the desired federal funds market rate.

10-Year TIPS Auction

2.184%

15-Year Mortgage Rate

30-Year Mortgage Rate

The Primary Mortgage Market Survey (PMMS) is focused on conventional, conforming, fully amortizing home purchase loans for borrowers who put 20 percent down and have excellent credit. Average commitment rates should be reported along with average fees and points to reflect the total upfront cost of obtaining the mortgage. The interest rate a lender would charge to lend mortgage money to a qualified borrower exclusive of the fees and points required by the lender. This commitment rate applies only to conventional financing on conforming mortgages with loan-to-value rates of 80 percent or less.