6-Month LTN Auction

10-Year NTN-F Auction

Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.

2-Year LTN Auction

Monetary Policy Meeting Minutes

In Mexico, interest rate decisions are taken by the Bank of Mexico (Banco de México). Starting January of 2008, Banco de México has adopted as an operating target the overnight interbank rate (tasa de fondeo bancario) instead of the level of commercial banks’ current account balances at the central bank (corto).

Federal Tax Revenues

Government Revenues refer to all receipts the government gets, including taxes, custom duties, revenue from state-owned enterprises, capital revenues and foreign aid. Government Revenues are part of government budget balance calculation.

Current Account

-8500000000

Current Account is the sum of the balance of trade (exports minus imports of goods and services), net factor income (such as interest and dividends) and net transfer payments (such as foreign aid).

Average Weekly Earnings YoY

In Canada, average weekly earnings (including overtime) refers to the gross taxable payroll (including overtime) divided by the number of employees. It is calculated for all types of employees. In general, changes in weekly earnings reflect a number of factors, including wage growth; changes in the composition of employment by industry, occupation and level of job experience; and average hours worked per week.

Initial Jobless Claims

Initial jobless claims refer to the number of people who have filed for unemployment benefits with their state's unemployment agency for the first time during a specific reporting period, typically on a weekly basis. .

Jobless Claims 4-week Average

Continuing Jobless Claims

Continuing Jobless Claims refer to actual number of unemployed and currently receiving unemployment benefits who filed for unemployment benefits at least two weeks ago.

Inflation Rate MoM Prel

0.4%

In Germany, the most important categories in the consumer price index are Housing, water, electricity, gas & other fuels (32 percent of the total weight), Transport (13 percent), Recreation, entertainment & culture (11 percent) and Food & non-alcoholic beverages (10 percent). The index also includes Miscellaneous goods & services (7 percent), Furniture, lighting equipment, appliances & other household equipment (5 percent), Restaurant & accommodation services (5 percent), Health (5 percent) and Clothing & footwear (5 percent). The remaining 7 percent of the index is composed by Alcoholic beverages & tobacco, Communication and Education.

Inflation Rate YoY Prel

2%

In Germany, the most important categories in the consumer price index are Housing, water, electricity, gas & other fuels (32 percent of the total weight), Transport (13 percent), Recreation, entertainment & culture (11 percent) and Food & non-alcoholic beverages (10 percent). The index also includes Miscellaneous goods & services (7 percent), Furniture, lighting equipment, appliances & other household equipment (5 percent), Restaurant & accommodation services (5 percent), Health (5 percent) and Clothing & footwear (5 percent). The remaining 7 percent of the index is composed of Alcoholic beverages & tobacco, Communication and Education.

Harmonised Inflation Rate YoY Prel

2.4%

The Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) is an indicator of inflation and price stability for the European Central Bank (ECB). The HICP is compiled by Eurostat and the national statistical institutes in accordance with harmonised statistical methods. The ECB aims to maintain annual inflation rates as measured by the HICP below, but close to, 2% over the medium term.

Harmonised Inflation Rate MoM Prel

0.4%

ECB Elderson Speech

In the Euro Area, benchmark interest rate is set by the Governing Council of the European Central Bank. The primary objective of the ECB’s monetary policy is to maintain price stability which is to keep inflation below, but close to 2 percent over the medium term. In times of prolonged low inflation and low interest rates, ECB may also adopt non-standard monetary policy measures, such as asset purchase programmes. The official interest rate is the Main refinancing operations rate.

PPI MoM

0.66%

PPI YoY

6.06%

Producer prices change refers to year over year change in price of goods and services sold by manufacturers and producers in the wholesale market during a given period.

Business Confidence

In Spain, the Industrial Confidence Indicator (ICI) measures the level of optimism of entrepreneurs for the future development of industrial activity. The ICI is conducted based on the sample of 2500 enterprises representing different sizes, regions and sectors of Spanish economy. The response rate is around 60 percent. ICI is measured on a scale of -100 (extreme lack of confidence) to +100 (extreme confidence).

Bank Lending MoM

1.2%

Loan Growth in Brazil refers to the monthly change in total credit outstanding, including public and private lending.

Foreign Exchange Reserves

In Turkey, Foreign Exchange Reserves refer to gross foreign exchange reserves held or controlled by the country's central bank, excluding gold.

Total Credit YoY

3.2%

Total credit expansion to domestic non-monetary financial institutions by domestic monetary financial institutions.

Retail Sales YoY

0.2%

In Ireland, the year-over-year change in Retail sales compares the aggregated sales of retail goods and services during a certain month to the same month a year ago.

Retail Sales MoM

0.5%

In Ireland, the Retail sales report provides an aggregated measure of sales of retail goods and services over a specific time period. In Ireland, Retail sales are seasonal, volatile and relatively important to the overall economy.

Harmonised Inflation Rate YoY Prel

0.1%

The Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) is an indicator of inflation and price stability for the European Central Bank (ECB). The HICP is compiled by Eurostat and the national statistical institutes in accordance with harmonised statistical methods. The ECB aims to maintain annual inflation rates as measured by the HICP below, but close to, 2% over the medium term.

Harmonised Inflation Rate MoM Prel

0.3%

MPC Meeting Summary

In Turkey, benchmark interest rates are set by the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey Monetary Policy Committee (Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankasi - TCMB). From June 1st 2018, the main interest rate is the one-week repo rate and the overnight borrowing and lending rates will be determined at 150 bps below/above the one-week repo rate. The central bank simplified its monetary policy framework on May 28th 2018 from a different system with four main key rates, with the late liquidity window lending rate being one of the most followed.

Inflation Rate YoY

3.2%

In Belgium, the most important category in the consumer price index is Housing and Utilities (18 percent of total weight). Food and Non-Alcoholic Beverages account for 17 percent; Transport for 16 percent; Recreation and Culture for 9 percent; Miscellaneous Goods and Services for 9 percent and Restaurants and Hotels for 8 percent. Furniture, Household Goods and Maintenance; Clothing and Footwear; Communication; Health; Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco and Education account for the remaining 23 percent of total weight.

Inflation Rate MoM

Inflation Rate MoM measures month over month change in the price of goods and services.

Industrial Production YoY

1.2%

In Cyprus, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy. Manufacturing is the most important sector and accounts for 72 percent of total production. The biggest segments within Manufacturing are: food products (32 percent of total production); other non-metallic mineral products (7 percent); basic pharmaceutical products and pharmaceutical preparations (6 percent); and fabricated metal products, except machinery and equipment (5 percent). Mining and quarrying, and electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply account for 20 percent of total output; and water supply, sewerage, waste management and remediation activities account for the remaining 8 percent.

Economic Sentiment

95.6

In the Euro Area, the Economic sentiment indicator is a composite measure (average=100) that calculates the confidence level among: manufacturers (40 percent of the index); service providers (30 percent); consumers (20 percent); retailers (5 percent) and constructors (5 percent).

Consumer Confidence Final

-12.5

In Euro Area, the Consumer Economic Sentiment Indicator measures the level of optimism that consumers have about the economy. The survey is made by phone and covers 23 000 households in the Euro Area. The number of households sample varies across the zone. The questions focus on current economic and financial situation, savings intention as well as on expected developments regarding: consumer price indexes, general economic situation and major purchases of durable goods. The Consumer ESI measures consumer confidence on a scale of -100 to 100, where -100 indicate extreme lack of confidence, 0 neutrality and 100 extreme confidence.

Selling Price Expectations

Industrial Sentiment

-13

In the Euro Area, Industrial Sentiment measures the confidence level among manufacturers and accounts for 40 percent of the Economic Sentiment Indicator.

Services Sentiment

7.1

In the Euro Area, Services Sentiment measures the confidence level among service providers and accounts for 30 percent of the Economic Sentiment Indicator.

PPI MoM

-0.6%

In Italy, the Producer Price Inflation MoM measures a month-over-month change in the price of goods and services sold by manufacturers and producers in the wholesale market.

PPI YoY

-2%

In Italy, the industrial producer price index measures the evolution of output prices for goods manufactured in Italy and sold on the domestic and non-domestic markets.

10-Year BTP Auction

3.57%

Generally, a government bond is issued by a national government and is denominated in the country`s own currency. Bonds issued by national governments in foreign currencies are normally referred to as sovereign bonds. The yield required by investors to loan funds to governments reflects inflation expectations and the likelihood that the debt will be repaid.

5-Year BTP Auction

2.96%

PPI MoM

In South Africa, the Producer Price Inflation MoM measures a month-over-month change in the price of goods and services sold by manufacturers and producers in the wholesale market.

PPI YoY

1%

In South Africa, Producer prices change refers to year over year change in price of goods and services sold by manufacturers and producers in the wholesale market during a given period.

Loans to Companies YoY

1.1%

In the Euro Area, Loans to Private Sector refers to adjusted loans to Euro Area non-financial corporations.

Consumer Confidence

97.4

In Italy, the Confidence Climate Index covers 2,000 Italian consumers. The survey is done by phone and assesses households’ economic conditions, employment and saving prospects and expected purchases of durable goods. The consumer confidence index is adjusted for seasonal effects and fixed to a base year of 2005. The value 100 indicates no evolution in consumer sentiment, a value over 100 shows increasing confidence and a value under 100 indicates low expectations.

Business Confidence

85.8

In Italy, the Manufacturing Confidence Index covers 4,000 Italian companies. The questionnaire focuses on the current trend of order books, production and inventories, short-term forecasts on order books, production, prices and the general economic situation. The business confidence index is adjusted for seasonal effects and fixed to a base year of 2005. The value 100 indicates no evolution in business sentiment, a value over 100 shows increasing confidence and a value under 100 indicates low expectations.

GDP Growth Rate YoY Final

3.2%

Poland’s 38-million consumer market is one of the biggest in Europe. Poland's main industries are: food and beverage processing, shipbuilding and the manufacture of machinery, iron and steel products, chemicals, glass and textiles. On the expenditure side, household consumption is the main component of GDP and accounts for 60 percent of its total use, followed by gross fixed capital formation (20 percent) and government expenditure (18 percent). Exports of goods and services account for 47 percent of GDP while imports account for 46 percent, adding 1 percent of total GDP.

GDP Growth Rate QoQ Final

1.5%

Poland is the 8th biggest economy in the European Union, yet GDP per capita remains significantly below the EU average. The country's industrial base combines coal, textile, chemical, machinery, iron, and steel sectors and has expanded more recently to include fertilizers, petrochemicals, machine tools, electrical machinery, electronics, cars and shipbuilding. On the expenditure side, household consumption is the main component of GDP and accounts for 60 percent of its total use, followed by gross fixed capital formation (20 percent) and government expenditure (18 percent). Exports of goods and services account for 47 percent of GDP while imports account for 46 percent, adding 1 percent of total GDP.

North Rhine Westphalia CPI YoY

2%

In Germany, Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of inflation and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer.

North Rhine Westphalia CPI MoM

0.3%

In Germany, Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of inflation and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer.

Brandenburg CPI YoY

1.8%

In Germany, Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of inflation and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer.

Brandenburg CPI MoM

0.3%

In Germany, Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of inflation and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer.

Hesse CPI YoY

1.8%

In Germany, Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of inflation and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer.

Hesse CPI MoM

0.5%

In Germany, Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of inflation and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer.

Bavaria CPI MoM

0.5%

In Germany, Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of inflation and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer.

Bavaria CPI YoY

2.4%

In Germany, Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of inflation and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer.

Baden Wuerttemberg CPI YoY

2.1%

In Germany, Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of inflation and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer.

Baden Wuerttemberg CPI MoM

0.7%

In Germany, Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of inflation and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer.

Saxony CPI YoY

2.8%

In Germany, Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of inflation and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer.

Saxony CPI MoM

0.4%

In Germany, Consumer Price index is the most frequently used indicator of inflation and reflect changes in the cost of acquiring a fixed basket of goods and services by the average consumer.

M3 Money Supply YoY

3.2%

Euro Area Money Supply M3 is the sum of M2, repurchase agreements, money market fund shares/units and debt securities with a maturity of up to two years.

Loans to Households YoY

0.7%

In the Euro Area, loan growth refers to year over year change in loans to households adjusted for sales and securitisation.

RBA Bullock Speech

In Australia, interest rates decisions are taken by the Reserve Bank of Australia's Board. The official interest rate is the cash rate. The cash rate is the rate charged on overnight loans between financial intermediaries, is determined in the money market as a result of the interaction of demand for and supply of overnight funds.

3-Month ATB Auction

3.015%

3-Month Green ATB Auction

ECB General Council Meeting

In the Euro Area, benchmark interest rate is set by the Governing Council of the European Central Bank. The primary objective of the ECB’s monetary policy is to maintain price stability which is to keep inflation below, but close to 2 percent over the medium term. In times of prolonged low inflation and low interest rates, ECB may also adopt non-standard monetary policy measures, such as asset purchase programmes. The official interest rate is the Main refinancing operations rate.

Inflation Rate MoM Prel

Inflation Rate MoM measures month over month change in the price of goods and services.

Inflation Rate YoY Prel

In Spain, the most important categories in the Consumer Price Index are: Foods & Non-alcoholic Beverages (23% of the total weight), Housing, Water, Electricity, Gas & Other Fuels (14%), Restaurants & Hotels (13%) and Transport (13%). The index also includes: Recreation & Culture (6%), Miscellaneous Goods & Services (6%), Clothing & Footwear (6%), Furnishings, Household Equipment & Routine Maintenance (6%), Health (4%), Communications (4%), Alcoholic Beverages & Tobacco (3%), and Education (2%).

Core Inflation Rate YoY Prel

In Spain, the core inflation rate tracks changes in prices that consumers pay for a basket of goods which excludes some volatile price items.

Harmonised Inflation Rate MoM Prel

Harmonised Inflation Rate YoY Prel

The Harmonised Index of Consumer Prices (HICP) is an indicator of inflation and price stability for the European Central Bank (ECB). The HICP is compiled by Eurostat and the national statistical institutes in accordance with harmonised statistical methods. The ECB aims to maintain annual inflation rates as measured by the HICP below, but close to, 2% over the medium term.

Consumer Confidence

In Sweden, the Consumer Confidence indicator is based on a survey of 1500 households that are interviewed each month. The questions cover consumers’ assessment of their personal finances and the Swedish economy, expectations for interest rates and inflation, and plans for major purchases and savings.

Business Confidence

In Sweden, the confidence indicator for the business sector is intended to provide a quick qualitative indication of actual outcomes, current situation and future expectations of Swedish companies. The variables in the survey include new orders, output, and employment. The survey covers 6,000 firms in the business sector.

Retail Sales YoY

0.5%

In Denmark, the year-over-year change in Retail sales compares the aggregated sales of retail goods and services during a certain month to the same month a year ago.

Retail Sales MoM

0.1%

In Denmark, the Retail sales report provides an aggregated measure of sales of retail goods and services over a specific time period. In Denmark, Retail sales are seasonal, volatile and relatively important to the overall economy.

Balance of Trade

800000000

Sweden exports mostly machinery, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron, steel products, chemicals. The country imports machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs and clothing. European Union is by far its largest trading partner accounting for about 61% of exports and 72% of imports. Norway, Russia, The United States and China play also an important role.

Economic Tendency Indicator

93.6

In Sweden, the Economic Tendency Indicator aims to measure current sentiment in the Swedish economy. This indicator is based on the information contained in the confidence indicators for the manufacturing industry, the service sector, the building and civil engineering industry, the retail trade, and consumers. The different sectors have been weighted to reflect their impact on economic activity best: manufacturing 40 percent, services 30 percent, construction 5 percent, retail 5 percent, and consumers 20 percent. The EU uses the same weights to calculate the ESI.

Exports Final

21990000000

Turkey's major exports are: machinery and transport equipment (31 percent of total exports), of which road vehicles (15 percent) and electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances (6 percent); manufactured goods (25 percent), of which textile yarn, fabrics, made-up articles (7 percent), iron and steel (6 percent) and manufactures of metals (4 percent); miscellaneous manufactured articles (18 percent), of which articles of apparel and clothing accessories (10 percent); food and live animals (9 percent), of which fruits and vegetables (4 percent); chemicals and related products (6 percent); and gold,non-monetary (4 percent). Turkey's main export partners were: Germany (10 percent of total exports); the UK, the UAE, Iraq and the US (6 percent each); Italy (5 percent); France and Spain (4 percent each).

Imports Final

27120000000

Turkey's main imports are machinery and transport equipment (31 percent of total imports), of which road vehicles (7 percent) and electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances (6 percent); manufactured goods (16 percent), of which iron and steel (5 percent); mineral fuels, lubricants and related materials (16 percent), of which petroleum and petroleum products (4 percent); chemicals and related products (13 percent), of which plastics (4 percent); gold, non-monetary (7 percent); crude materials, inedible, except fuels (7 percent); miscellaneous manufactured articles (6 percent); and food and live animals (4 percent). The country's main imports' sources were: China (10 percent of total imports); Germany (9 percent); Russia (8 percent); the US and Italy (5 percent each); France, Iran, Switzerland, South Korea, the UK, Spain and India (3 percent each).

Economic Confidence Index

98

In Turkey, economic confidence index is a composite index that encapsulates consumers’ and producers’ evaluations, expectations and tendencies about general economic situation. The index is combined by means of a weighted aggregation of normalized sub-indices of consumer confidence, seasonally adjusted real sector (manufacturing industry), services, retail trade and construction confidence indices. The economic confidence index indicates an optimistic outlook about the general economic situation when the index is above 100, on contrary it indicates a pessimistic outlook when it is below 100.

Balance of Trade Final

-5130000000

The Turkish trade balance has been in deficit since 1947. Turkey major exports are road vehicles, textiles, iron and steel, clothing and food, while imports were machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, mineral fuels and lubricants and chemicals. The biggest trade deficits were recorded with China, Russia, Germany, South Korea, Switzerland, India, Iran and Japan; and the largest surpluses were recorded with Iraq, the UAE, the UK, Israel, Syria, Northern Cyprus and Azerbaijan.

Business Confidence

-3.2

In Netherlands, the producer confidence survey covers 1,700 manufacturing companies and gathers up-to-date information on economic developments for all activities of the manufacturing industry. The survey covers three components: how companies evaluate their order positions, their stocks of finished products in the month under review and the anticipated economic activity for the next three months. The index is calculated as the percentage of positive answers minus the percentage of negative answers. Therefore, the indicator varies from -100 (all participants evaluate their situation as poor and expect it to become worse) to 100 (all companies are happy with current situation and expect it to improve); 0 indicates neutrality.

Interest Rate Decision

3.25%

In South Korea the interest rates decisions are taken by the Bank of Korea’s (BOK) Monetary Policy Committee. The official interest rate is the Bank of Korea Base Rate which was changed from overnight call rate on March 2008.

Building Capital Expenditure QoQ

Building Capital Expenditure in Australia is measured as the quarter-on-quarter change. The Survey of New Capital Expenditure includes the following industries classified according to the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification, ANZSIC, 2006: Mining, Manufacturing & Other selected industries such as Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services, Construction, Wholesale Trade, Retail Trade, Transport, Postal and Warehousing, Information Media and Telecommunications Finance and, Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services Professional, Scientific and Technical Services.

Plant Machinery Capital Expenditure QoQ

-0.5%

Plant Machinery Capital Expenditure is measured as the quarter-on-quarter change. The Survey of New Capital Expenditure includes the following industries classified according to the Australian and New Zealand Standard Industrial Classification, ANZSIC, 2006: Mining, Manufacturing & Other selected industries such as Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services, Construction, Wholesale Trade, Retail Trade, Transport, Postal and Warehousing, Information Media and Telecommunications Finance and, Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services Professional, Scientific and Technical Services.

Private Capital Expenditure QoQ

-2.2%

Private investment in Australia refers to quarter on quarter change in Private Capital Expenditure. The Capital Expenditure Survey in Australia includes the following industries: Mining, Manufacturing & Other selected industries such as Electricity, Gas, Water and Waste Services, Construction, Wholesale Trade, Retail Trade, Transport, Postal and Warehousing, Information Media and Telecommunications Finance and Rental, Hiring and Real Estate Services Professional, Scientific and Technical Services.

Car Production YoY

ANZ Business Confidence

65.7

In New Zealand, the business confidence index is designed to provide a snapshot of business opinions regarding the expected future state of their business and economy overall. The survey covers around 700 respondents. The Net index is calculated by subtracting the percentage number of businesses that expect that the economic situation improves from the number that expect decline.

Thanksgiving Day

Foreign Bond Investment

The net data shows the difference between acquisition and disposition of long-term debt securities: a plus sign indicates net purchases of foreign securities by Japanese investors; a minus sign indicates net selling and inflows of funds into Japan. It excludes Bank of Japan.

Stock Investment by Foreigners

Foreign Investments in Japanese Stocks refers to the net difference between inflow and outflow of investments in Japanese stock market by foreigners.

ECB Lane Speech

In the Euro Area, benchmark interest rate is set by the Governing Council of the European Central Bank. The primary objective of the ECB’s monetary policy is to maintain price stability which is to keep inflation below, but close to 2 percent over the medium term. In times of prolonged low inflation and low interest rates, ECB may also adopt non-standard monetary policy measures, such as asset purchase programmes. The official interest rate is the Main refinancing operations rate.

7-Year Note Auction

30-Year Bond Auction

3.39%

EIA Natural Gas Stocks Change

Natural Gas Stocks Change refers to the weekly change of the natural gas supply situation.

15-Year Mortgage Rate

17-Week Bill Auction

Retail Sales YoY

6.5%

In Russia, the year-over-year change in Retail sales compares the aggregated sales of retail goods and services during a certain month to the same month a year ago.

Unemployment Rate

In Russia, the unemployment rate measures the number of people actively looking for a job as a percentage of the labour force.

Business Confidence

7

In Russia, the business confidence index measures morale among manufacturers. The index is calculated as the arithmetic average balances of assessments of actually existing levels of demand, stocks of finished products (with opposite sign) as well as change in output expected in the next 3 months. The index shows the difference between the percentage share of executives that are optimistic and the percentage of that is pessimistic. The index takes a value between -100 (all responding entities asses their situation as poor and expect it to become worse) up to 100 (all participants are satisfied with the current situation and expect it to improve); 0 indicates neutrality.

Real Wage Growth YoY

7.7%

In Russia, Real Wage Growth measures the year-on-year change in average monthly wages adjusted for inflation.

Corporate Profits

20030000000000

Corporate Profits in Russia is balanced financial result (profit minus loss) of organizations, excluding small businesses, banks, insurance companies and budgetary institutions. Corporate Profits is cumulative value.

Industrial Production YoY

In Russia, industrial production measures the output of businesses integrated in industrial sector of the economy. Manufacturing is the most important sector and accounts for 55 percent of total production. The biggest segments within manufacturing are: metallurgy (9.6 percent); coke and refined petroleum products (9.5 percent); food beverages and tobacco (8.4 percent); chemicals (4 percent); machinery and equipment (3.8 percent); transport (3.7 percent) and electrical equipment (3.4 percent). Mining and quarrying accounts for 35 percent, and natural gas and crude oil exploration represents 29 percent of total output. Also, electricity, gas and water supply accounts for 11 percent.

GDP YoY

In Russia, Monthly GDP YoY measures the change in the value of the goods and services produced by the country's economy compared to the corresponding month in the previous year.